Pengantar Falsafah Sains (PPS702)

Program Pascasarjana/S3

Institut Pertanian Bogor

Oktober 2003

Dosen :

Prof. Dr. Ir. Rudy C. Tarumingkeng (Penanggung Jawab)

Prof. Dr. Ir. Zahrial Coto

THE TWO NEW SPECIES OF CLIMBING BAMBOO FROM BOGANI NANI WARTABONE NATIONAL PARK NORTH SULAWESI

By :

Marthen Theogives Lasut

G361030061

E-mail: theogives@yahoo.com

INTRODUCTION

Bamboo is classified as a group of flowering plant belonging to the family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae (Soderstorm and Ellis, 1987). Almost all bamboos in Indonesia are characterized by woody culms with complex branching and rhyzome system. They commonly grow in the open areas, disturbed forests, or well drainage soils. Also typically found in sloping areas or river banks. In general, bamboos are well distributed from lowland to the highland (up to 4000 m above sea level).

There are probably 1250 bamboo species in the world. About 20 % of them grow in SE Asia (Dransfield and Widjaja, 1995). Indonesia posseses 125 species which are widely dispersed and wild (Widjaja, 1995). According to Widjaja (1992) in North Sulawesi were found 14 bamboo species.

Data and information on bamboo in the Bogani Nani Wartabone Bone National Park are lacking. Mogea and Uji (1993) found only two species, and during the Linneaus Expedition I (Tim Puslitbang Biologi LIPI, 1991) three species were collected.

The limited data of bamboo in this National Park is due to the lack of intensive research in this area. Because of that this research was conducted here in September 1995 to September 1996 in the research title : The Floristic Study of Bamboo in the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park North Sulawesi. This paper is summarized from that title.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This research was conducted at the Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor Botanical Garden, and Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park. Research material are specimens kept at Herbarium Bogorinse and also those collected from the field, and the living bamboo collections at Bogor botanical garden. The material used in collecting, preserving, and studying specimens are alcohol, plastics bag and newspaper, bamboo frame, hand lens, compass, altimeter, clinometer, thermometer, barometer, binocular, and dissecting kit.

This research used explorative and descriptive methode to which the data taken from morphological point of view. The procedure is as following steps: study the existing specimens herbarium of Sulawesi, determine site collection, collect specimen, identify and describe collected specimens, make distribution map and figures, writing paper, labels and publication draft.

RESULTS

According to my entirely research that the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park have 9 bamboo species, there are the two new species of Dinochloa, Dinochloa barbata, D. pubiramea, two species of Schizostachyum, Neololeba atra, Gigantochloa atter, and Bambusa vulgaris.The two new species of climbing bamboo (Dinochloa spp.) were never been published since 1996.

The Two New Species Of Climbing Bamboo

1. Dinochloa pinogua Lasut, sp. nov.

TYPE: Lasut MTL 062 (BO – Holotype, K), N. Sulawesi, Gorontalo District, Trail from Pinogu enclave to Taludaa.

Loosely tufted bamboo, about 3 culms per clump. Young shoots light green to green, with appressed white to brown hairs and thin layer white wax. Culm almost solid, scandent, 16 – 29 m long, internodes 15 – 26 cm, 12 – 22 mm diameter, wall up to 10 mm thick, green with scattered blackish spotted due to lichenes. Branches, 4 – 10 subequal with a primary dominant branch which mostly dormant, but when the main culm damage, the dominant branch will developed. Culm leaf, 25 – 32 cm x 3 – 6 cm; sheath chartaceus, glabrous but occasionallywith appresed white to light brown hairs, and also covered by a thin layer white wax, sheath become blackish with age; auricle a rim like, less than 1 mm high, with a few bristles, up to 1 mm long, easily broken; ligule short, entire, 1 mm high, glabrous; blade erect first and then deflexed, broadly ovate, tapering to the tip, 12 – 17 x 3 – 4.5 cm, base cordate, adaxially pubescent near the base, glabrous abaxially.

Leaf blade smooth, glabrous, lanceolate, 15 – 30 x 2 – 4.5 cm, margin slightly serrulate on the right side, but integer on the left side; pseudopetiole up to 2 mm long; auricle a rim-like, with a few bristles, 2 – 3 mm long, easily broken; ligule very short, entire, less than 1 mm high, glabrous (fig. 1).

NOTES

This species is closely related to Dinochloa robusta S. Dransf. (Dransfield, 1992) in having glabrous or appressed white to light brown hairs on culm sheath and short entire ligule of culm leaf and short entire ligule of leaf blade, but it differed by a rim-like and bristly auricle of culm leaf and leaf blades. So far this species is only rarely found in National Park.

DISTRIBUTION

Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park., North Sulawesi .

ECOLOGY

Primary forest especially along the river bank at about 305 m above sea level.

VERNACULAR NAME

Gorontalo: ‘tali loudu’.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED

North Sulawesi: Gorontalo District, Trail from Pinogu enclave to Taludaa, April 24, 1996; MTL 062.

2. Dinochloa pusilla Lasut, sp. nov.

TYPE: Lasut MTL 001 (BO – Holotype, K), N. Sulawesi, Bol. Mong. District, Trail to Poniki Mountain.

Densely tufted bamboo, up to 20 culms per clump. Young shoots glabrous, pale gtreen to slightly brownish. Culms almost solid, glabrous; internodes 17 – 25 cm; 12 – 15 mm diameter, wall 3 – 5 mm thick. Branches, up to four branch each node, with one primary dominant branches and several secondary branches. Culm leaf glabrous, 10 – 16 x 3 – 5 cm; sheath glabrous, glossy, 9 – 12 x 3 – 5 cm, the junction with blade nearly horizontal the margin apex; auricle not prominent, glabrous; ligule entire, less than 1 mm high, glabrous; blade erect, glabrous, deltoid, 3 – 4.5 x 1 – 2 cm, margin slightly serulate, base obtuse, apex acuminate; no auricle; ligule entire, very small, less than 1 mm high.

Leaf bladeglabrous, almost lanceolate, margin entire, base obtuse, apex acuminate; pseudopetiole 1 mm long; no auricle and bristle; ligule entire and no bristle (fig. 2).

NOTES

This species resembles to Dinochloa palawanensis (Gamble) S. Dransf. In having glabrous sheath, erect blade, without auricle and entire of culm leaf, but its different is only on a small auricle and long bristle of leaf blade. This species is rare to find.

DISTRIBUTION

Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi.

ECOLOGY

Primary forest, along the river banks, slope of hill at 200 – 900 m above sea level.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED

Bolaang Mongondow District: Trail to Poniki mountain, March 1, 1996, MTL 001, INH 004; Trail to Kabila mountain, July 4, 1996, MTL 079, & MTL 080; Gorontalo District: Trail to Pinogu enclave, April 15, 1996, MTL 050, & MTL 051.

REFERENCES

1. Dransfield, S. 1992. Dinochloa robusta – A new species of bamboo (Gramineae – Bambusoidea) from Sabah and Palawan. Kew Bulletin 47 (3): 402.

2. Dransfield, S and E. A. Widjaja. 1995. Plant Resources of South –East Asia (Prosea) No. 7. Bamboos. in Dransfield, S and E. A. Widjaja (eds). Backhuys Publ., Leiden. Pp. 189.

3. Lasut, M.T. 1996. The Floristic Study of Bamboo in the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park North Sulawesi. Thesis. Post Graduate Programe Bogor Agriculrural Institute. Bogor. Pp. 55

4. Mogea, J. P. dan T. Uji. 1993. Ekspedisi Flora Langka Sulawesi. Lap. Perjalanan. Mimeograf. Puslitbang Biologi LIPI. Bogor. pp. 30.

5. Soderstorm, T. R. and R. P. Ellis. 1987. The Position of Bamboo Genera in a System of Grass Clasification. In: Sodestorm, T., K. H. Hilu. C. S. Caampbel, and Barkworth (eds). Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smith. Ins. Press. Washington DC. Pp. 225 – 238.

6. Tim Puslitbang Biologi LIPI. 1991. Ekspedisi Linneaus Sulawesi I – Taman Nasional Dumoga Bone. Mimeograf. Puslitbang Biologi LIPI. Bogor.

7. Widjaja, E. A. 1992. A Report on Bamboo Germplasm Exploration to Kalimantan, North Celebes, and North Moluccas. Lap. Perjalanan. Mimeograf. Puslitbang Biologi LIPI. Bogor. Pp. 4.