.MCAD 309000000 \  docDocument MmcObject[ d2_graph_format graphData% axisFormat)L)Ltrace2D&&&&&&&&& & & & & &&& dim_formatTmasslengthtimecharge temperature luminosity substanceNumericalFormatQdii shpRectVmcDocumentObjectState\ mcPageModelK?> #=(?mcHeaderFooterI@I CHeaderFooterJ@J@J@JMbP?MbP? TextState? TextStyle>@ CourierSerial_ParPropDefaultW?Normalfont_style_listO font_styleP  VariablesMS Serif@P  ConstantsMS Serif@P TextCourier@P Greek VariablesSymbol@P User^1 MS Sans Serif@P User^2Courier@P User^3System@P User^4Script@P User^5Terminal@P User^6Modern@P User^7Times New Roman@P SymbolsSymbol@P Current Selection FontArial@P Undefined Font@P HeaderArial@P FooterArial@P Rotated Math FontMS Serif TextRegion* docRegionGshpBoxU   wwxwx CharacterMap-RangeMap;@FILE LV-EU oleh: Rudy C Tarumingkeng, PhD JUNI 1996 INTERAKSI DUA SISTEM, MODEL LOTKA-VOLTERRA SOLUSI DENGAN METODA EULER: DERET TAYLOR SAMPAI SUKU KEDUA ChrPropMap7 RangeElem<  ChrPropData8 RangeData=x Lucida Sans0,0,128 ParPropMap9mm 0 Using Euler method does not give exact results but it shows the cycle approximation. a = growth rate of prey in the absence of predator c = death rate of predator in the absence of prey , b = predator efficiency in causing prey population decline bP = death rate of prey due to predation d = prey efficiency in contributing to predator population growth dN = growth rate of predator due to feeding on prey 7?<8~ Lucida Sans0,0,255<8~ MathSoftText0,0,255< 8<8~Times New Roman255,0,0<8~ MathSoftText0,0,255(tree@ p)@@ (*@@d)h+@@)0.005,@B@U-@@ p.@@ -/@@d.tt0@@.1001*@U88IU- h = step, 7 2<381~ Lucida Sans4<5812429 6< 7:@W,18</ 9< :0@NormalCourier ;@B@U0l&: <@@ p=@@ <>@@d=t?@@=@@@@ @?@A@@t@@0@B@@@@1@C@@?tt@D@B@U1 @E@@ p@F@@ @E@G@@d@Fkk@H@@@F@I@@d@Htt@J@@@Hh@K@B@UU.(@L@@ p@M@@@L@N@@d@Mkk@O@@@M@P@@+@@OSerial_DisplayNodeX@Q@@@O _n_u_l_l_@R@B@U.(@S@@ p@T@@ @S@U@@d@Tk@V@@@T@W@@ @@V@X@@t@W0@Y@@@W1@Z@@@Vkk@[*@U(I\(X]-Values given for a, b, c and d:7@\<@]8@[~ Lucida Sans9@^<@_:@W,1@`</@a<@b0@NormalCourier @c@B@Ur@d@@ p@e@@ @d@f@@d@ea@g@@@e1@h@B@UrB&@i@@ p@j@@ @i@k@@d@jb@l@@@j0.1@m@B@Ur@n@@ p@o@@ @n@p@@d@oc@q@@@o0.5@r@B@Ur@s@@ p@t@@ @s@u@@d@td@v@@@t0.02@w*@UHH]NS$-@bThe equations along with the time are converted into the following sumultaneous descrete equation:7b@x